1、简单介绍
using System.Xml;
//初始化一个xml实例XmlDocument xml=new XmlDocument();//导入指定xml文件
xml.Load(path);xml.Load(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/file/bookstore.xml"));//指定一个节点
XmlNode root=xml.SelectSingleNode("/root");//获取节点下所有直接子节点
XmlNodeList childlist=root.ChildNodes;//判断该节点下是否有子节点
root.HasChildNodes;//获取同名同级节点集合
XmlNodeList nodelist=xml.SelectNodes("/Root/News");//生成一个新节点
XmlElement node=xml.CreateElement("News");//将节点加到指定节点下，作为其子节点
root.AppendChild(node);//将节点加到指定节点下某个子节点前
root.InsertBefore(node,root.ChildeNodes[i]);//为指定节点的新建属性并赋值
node.SetAttribute("id","11111");//为指定节点添加子节点
root.AppendChild(node);//获取指定节点的指定属性值
string id=node.Attributes["id"].Value;//获取指定节点中的文本
string content=node.InnerText;//保存XML文件
string path=Server.MapPath("~/file/bookstore.xml");xml.Save(path);//or use :xml.Save(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/file/bookstore.xml"));---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
二、具体实例
在C#.net中如何操作XML
需要添加的命名空间：using System.Xml;
1、创建到服务器同名目录下的xml文件：
方法一：
- XmlDocument xmldoc;
- XmlNode xmlnode;
- XmlElement xmlelem;
- xmldoc = new XmlDocument();
- //加入XML的声明段落,<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
- XmlDeclaration xmldecl;
- xmldecl = xmldoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "gb2312", null);
- xmldoc.AppendChild(xmldecl);
- //加入一个根元素
- xmlelem = xmldoc.CreateElement("", "Employees", "");
- xmldoc.AppendChild(xmlelem);
- //加入另外一个元素
- for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++)
- {
- XmlNode root = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees");//查找<Employees>
- XmlElement xe1 = xmldoc.CreateElement("Node");//创建一个<Node>节点
- xe1.SetAttribute("genre", "李赞红");//设置该节点genre属性
- xe1.SetAttribute("ISBN", "2-3631-4");//设置该节点ISBN属性
- XmlElement xesub1 = xmldoc.CreateElement("title");
- xesub1.InnerText = "CS从入门到精通";//设置文本节点
- xe1.AppendChild(xesub1);//添加到<Node>节点中
- XmlElement xesub2 = xmldoc.CreateElement("author");
- xesub2.InnerText = "候捷";
- xe1.AppendChild(xesub2);
- XmlElement xesub3 = xmldoc.CreateElement("price");
- xesub3.InnerText = "58.3";
- xe1.AppendChild(xesub3);
- root.AppendChild(xe1);//添加到<Employees>节点中
- }
- //保存创建好的XML文档
- xmldoc.Save("data.xml");
XmlDocument xmldoc; XmlNode xmlnode; XmlElement xmlelem; xmldoc = new XmlDocument(); //加入XML的声明段落,<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?> XmlDeclaration xmldecl; xmldecl = xmldoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "gb2312", null); xmldoc.AppendChild(xmldecl); //加入一个根元素 xmlelem = xmldoc.CreateElement("", "Employees", ""); xmldoc.AppendChild(xmlelem); //加入另外一个元素 for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++) { XmlNode root = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees");//查找<Employees> XmlElement xe1 = xmldoc.CreateElement("Node");//创建一个<Node>节点 xe1.SetAttribute("genre", "李赞红");//设置该节点genre属性 xe1.SetAttribute("ISBN", "2-3631-4");//设置该节点ISBN属性 XmlElement xesub1 = xmldoc.CreateElement("title"); xesub1.InnerText = "CS从入门到精通";//设置文本节点 xe1.AppendChild(xesub1);//添加到<Node>节点中 XmlElement xesub2 = xmldoc.CreateElement("author"); xesub2.InnerText = "候捷"; xe1.AppendChild(xesub2); XmlElement xesub3 = xmldoc.CreateElement("price"); xesub3.InnerText = "58.3"; xe1.AppendChild(xesub3); root.AppendChild(xe1);//添加到<Employees>节点中 } //保存创建好的XML文档 xmldoc.Save("data.xml");
方法二：
- XmlTextWriter xmlWriter;
- string strFilename = "data1.xml";
- xmlWriter = new XmlTextWriter(strFilename, Encoding.Default);//创建一个xml文档
- xmlWriter.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;
- xmlWriter.WriteStartDocument();
- xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("Employees");
- xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("Node");
- xmlWriter.WriteAttributeString("genre", "李赞红");
- xmlWriter.WriteAttributeString("ISBN", "2-3631-4");
- xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("title");
- xmlWriter.WriteString("CS从入门到精通");
- xmlWriter.WriteEndElement();
- xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("author");
- xmlWriter.WriteString("候捷");
- xmlWriter.WriteEndElement();
- xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("price");
- xmlWriter.WriteString("58.3");
- xmlWriter.WriteEndElement();
- xmlWriter.WriteEndElement();
- xmlWriter.Close();
XmlTextWriter xmlWriter; string strFilename = "data1.xml"; xmlWriter = new XmlTextWriter(strFilename, Encoding.Default);//创建一个xml文档 xmlWriter.Formatting = Formatting.Indented; xmlWriter.WriteStartDocument(); xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("Employees"); xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("Node"); xmlWriter.WriteAttributeString("genre", "李赞红"); xmlWriter.WriteAttributeString("ISBN", "2-3631-4"); xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("title"); xmlWriter.WriteString("CS从入门到精通"); xmlWriter.WriteEndElement(); xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("author"); xmlWriter.WriteString("候捷"); xmlWriter.WriteEndElement(); xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("price"); xmlWriter.WriteString("58.3"); xmlWriter.WriteEndElement(); xmlWriter.WriteEndElement(); xmlWriter.Close();
2、添加一个结点
- XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
- xmlDoc.Load("data.xml");
- XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees");//查找<Employees>
- XmlElement xe1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Node");//创建一个<Node>节点
- xe1.SetAttribute("genre", "张三");//设置该节点genre属性
- xe1.SetAttribute("ISBN", "1-1111-1");//设置该节点ISBN属性
- XmlElement xesub1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("title");
- xesub1.InnerText = "C#入门帮助";//设置文本节点
- xe1.AppendChild(xesub1);//添加到<Node>节点中
- XmlElement xesub2 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("author");
- xesub2.InnerText = "高手";
- xe1.AppendChild(xesub2);
- XmlElement xesub3 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("price");
- xesub3.InnerText = "158.3";
- xe1.AppendChild(xesub3);
- root.AppendChild(xe1);//添加到<Employees>节点中
- xmlDoc.Save("data.xml");
XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); xmlDoc.Load("data.xml"); XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees");//查找<Employees> XmlElement xe1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Node");//创建一个<Node>节点 xe1.SetAttribute("genre", "张三");//设置该节点genre属性 xe1.SetAttribute("ISBN", "1-1111-1");//设置该节点ISBN属性 XmlElement xesub1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("title"); xesub1.InnerText = "C#入门帮助";//设置文本节点 xe1.AppendChild(xesub1);//添加到<Node>节点中 XmlElement xesub2 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("author"); xesub2.InnerText = "高手"; xe1.AppendChild(xesub2); XmlElement xesub3 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("price"); xesub3.InnerText = "158.3"; xe1.AppendChild(xesub3); root.AppendChild(xe1);//添加到<Employees>节点中 xmlDoc.Save("data.xml");
3、修改结点的值（属性和子结点）
- XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
- xmlDoc.Load("data.xml");
- XmlNodeList nodeList = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes;//获取Employees节点的所有子节点
- foreach (XmlNode xn in nodeList)//遍历所有子节点
- {
- XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn;//将子节点类型转换为XmlElement类型
- if (xe.GetAttribute("genre") == "张三")//如果genre属性值为“张三”
- {
- xe.SetAttribute("genre", "update张三");//则修改该属性为“update张三”
- XmlNodeList nls = xe.ChildNodes;//继续获取xe子节点的所有子节点
- foreach (XmlNode xn1 in nls)//遍历
- {
- XmlElement xe2 = (XmlElement)xn1;//转换类型
- if (xe2.Name == "author")//如果找到
- {
- xe2.InnerText = "亚胜";//则修改
- }
- }
- }
- }
- xmlDoc.Save("data.xml");//保存。
XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); xmlDoc.Load("data.xml"); XmlNodeList nodeList = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes;//获取Employees节点的所有子节点 foreach (XmlNode xn in nodeList)//遍历所有子节点 { XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn;//将子节点类型转换为XmlElement类型 if (xe.GetAttribute("genre") == "张三")//如果genre属性值为“张三” { xe.SetAttribute("genre", "update张三");//则修改该属性为“update张三” XmlNodeList nls = xe.ChildNodes;//继续获取xe子节点的所有子节点 foreach (XmlNode xn1 in nls)//遍历 { XmlElement xe2 = (XmlElement)xn1;//转换类型 if (xe2.Name == "author")//如果找到 { xe2.InnerText = "亚胜";//则修改 } } } } xmlDoc.Save("data.xml");//保存。
4、修改结点（添加结点的属性和添加结点的自结点）
- XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
- xmlDoc.Load("data.xml");
- XmlNodeList nodeList = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes;//获取Employees节点的所有子节点
- foreach (XmlNode xn in nodeList)
- {
- XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn;
- xe.SetAttribute("test", "111111");
- XmlElement xesub = xmlDoc.CreateElement("flag");
- xesub.InnerText = "1";
- xe.AppendChild(xesub);
- }
- xmlDoc.Save("data.xml");
XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); xmlDoc.Load("data.xml"); XmlNodeList nodeList = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes;//获取Employees节点的所有子节点 foreach (XmlNode xn in nodeList) { XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn; xe.SetAttribute("test", "111111"); XmlElement xesub = xmlDoc.CreateElement("flag"); xesub.InnerText = "1"; xe.AppendChild(xesub); } xmlDoc.Save("data.xml");
5、删除结点中的某一个属性
- XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
- xmlDoc.Load("data.xml");
- XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes;
- foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl)
- {
- XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn;
- xe.RemoveAttribute("genre");//删除genre属性
- XmlNodeList nls = xe.ChildNodes;//继续获取xe子节点的所有子节点
- foreach (XmlNode xn1 in nls)//遍历
- {
- XmlElement xe2 = (XmlElement)xn1;//转换类型
- if (xe2.Name == "flag")//如果找到
- {
- xe.RemoveChild(xe2);//则删除
- }
- }
- }
- xmlDoc.Save("data.xml");
XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); xmlDoc.Load("data.xml"); XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes; foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl) { XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn; xe.RemoveAttribute("genre");//删除genre属性 XmlNodeList nls = xe.ChildNodes;//继续获取xe子节点的所有子节点 foreach (XmlNode xn1 in nls)//遍历 { XmlElement xe2 = (XmlElement)xn1;//转换类型 if (xe2.Name == "flag")//如果找到 { xe.RemoveChild(xe2);//则删除 } } } xmlDoc.Save("data.xml");
6、删除结点
- XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
- xmlDoc.Load("data.xml");
- XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees");
- XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes;
- for (int i = 0; i < xnl.Count; i++)
- {
- XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xnl.Item(i);
- if (xe.GetAttribute("genre") == "张三")
- {
- root.RemoveChild(xe);
- if (i < xnl.Count) i = i - 1;
- }
- }
- xmlDoc.Save("data.xml");
XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument(); xmlDoc.Load("data.xml"); XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees"); XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes; for (int i = 0; i < xnl.Count; i++) { XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xnl.Item(i); if (xe.GetAttribute("genre") == "张三") { root.RemoveChild(xe); if (i < xnl.Count) i = i - 1; } } xmlDoc.Save("data.xml");
7、按照文本文件读取xml
- System.IO.StreamReader myFile = new System.IO.StreamReader("data.xml", System.Text.Encoding.Default);
- //注意System.Text.Encoding.Default
- string myString = myFile.ReadToEnd();//myString是读出的字符串
- this.textBox1.Text = myString;
- myFile.Close();
System.IO.StreamReader myFile = new System.IO.StreamReader("data.xml", System.Text.Encoding.Default); //注意System.Text.Encoding.Default string myString = myFile.ReadToEnd();//myString是读出的字符串 this.textBox1.Text = myString; myFile.Close();
8、读取xml
- //创建XmlDocument对象
- XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
- //载入xml文件名
- xmlDoc.Load(filename);
- //如果是xml字符串，则用以下形式
- xmlDoc.LoadXml(xmldata);
- //读取根节点的所有子节点，放到xn0中
- XmlNodeList xn0 = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Document").ChildNodes;
- //查找二级节点的内容或属性
- foreach (XmlNode node in xn0)
- {
- if (node.Name == 匹配的二级节点名)
- {
- string innertext = node.InnerText.Trim();//匹配二级节点的内容
- string attr = node.Attributes[0].ToString();//属性
- }
- }
- 基础的操作就是这些，要是取三级或三级以上的节点，类似推导即可
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一个XML的操作类：
包括读取/插入/修改/删除。
using System;
using System.Data;using System.Configuration;using System.Web;using System.Web.Security;using System.Web.UI;using System.Web.UI.WebControls;using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;using System.Xml;namespace Test
{ /// <summary> /// XmlHelper 的摘要说明 /// </summary> public class XmlHelper { public XmlHelper() { }/// <summary>
/// 读取数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名，非空时返回该属性值，否则返回串联值</param> /// <returns>string</returns> /************************************************** * 使用示列: * XmlHelper.Read(path, "/Node", "") * XmlHelper.Read(path, "/Node/Element[@Attribute='Name']", "Attribute") ************************************************/ public static string Read(string path, string node, string attribute) { string value = ""; try { XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); XmlNode xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); value = (attribute.Equals("") ? xn.InnerText : xn.Attributes[attribute].Value); } catch { } return value; }/// <summary>
/// 插入数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="element">元素名，非空时插入新元素，否则在该元素中插入属性</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名，非空时插入该元素属性值，否则插入元素值</param> /// <param name="value">值</param> /// <returns></returns> /************************************************** * 使用示列: * XmlHelper.Insert(path, "/Node", "Element", "", "Value") * XmlHelper.Insert(path, "/Node", "Element", "Attribute", "Value") * XmlHelper.Insert(path, "/Node", "", "Attribute", "Value") ************************************************/ public static void Insert(string path, string node, string element, string attribute, string value) { try { XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); XmlNode xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); if (element.Equals("")) { if (!attribute.Equals("")) { XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn; xe.SetAttribute(attribute, value); } } else { XmlElement xe = doc.CreateElement(element); if (attribute.Equals("")) xe.InnerText = value; else xe.SetAttribute(attribute, value); xn.AppendChild(xe); } doc.Save(path); } catch { } }/// <summary>
/// 修改数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名，非空时修改该节点属性值，否则修改节点值</param> /// <param name="value">值</param> /// <returns></returns> /************************************************** * 使用示列: * XmlHelper.Insert(path, "/Node", "", "Value") * XmlHelper.Insert(path, "/Node", "Attribute", "Value") ************************************************/ public static void Update(string path, string node, string attribute, string value) { try { XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); XmlNode xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn; if (attribute.Equals("")) xe.InnerText = value; else xe.SetAttribute(attribute, value); doc.Save(path); } catch { } }/// <summary>
/// 删除数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名，非空时删除该节点属性值，否则删除节点值</param> /// <param name="value">值</param> /// <returns></returns> /************************************************** * 使用示列: * XmlHelper.Delete(path, "/Node", "") * XmlHelper.Delete(path, "/Node", "Attribute") ************************************************/ public static void Delete(string path, string node, string attribute) { try { XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); XmlNode xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn; if (attribute.Equals("")) xn.ParentNode.RemoveChild(xn); else xe.RemoveAttribute(attribute); doc.Save(path); } catch { } } }}==================================================
XmlFile.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><Root />==================================================
使用方法：
string xml = Server.MapPath("XmlFile.xml");
//插入元素//XmlHelper.Insert(xml, "/Root", "Studio", "", "");//插入元素/属性//XmlHelper.Insert(xml, "/Root/Studio", "Site", "Name", "小路工作室");//XmlHelper.Insert(xml, "/Root/Studio", "Site", "Name", "丁香鱼工作室");//XmlHelper.Insert(xml, "/Root/Studio", "Site", "Name", "谱天城工作室");//XmlHelper.Insert(xml, "/Root/Studio/Site[@Name='谱天城工作室']", "Master", "", "红尘静思");//插入属性//XmlHelper.Insert(xml, "/Root/Studio/Site[@Name='小路工作室']", "", "Url", "");//XmlHelper.Insert(xml, "/Root/Studio/Site[@Name='丁香鱼工作室']", "", "Url", "");//XmlHelper.Insert(xml, "/Root/Studio/Site[@Name='谱天城工作室']", "", "Url", "");//修改元素值//XmlHelper.Update(xml, "/Root/Studio/Site[@Name='谱天城工作室']/Master", "", "RedDust");//修改属性值//XmlHelper.Update(xml, "/Root/Studio/Site[@Name='谱天城工作室']", "Url", "");//XmlHelper.Update(xml, "/Root/Studio/Site[@Name='谱天城工作室']", "Name", "PuTianCheng Studio");//读取元素值//Response.Write("<div>" + XmlHelper.Read(xml, "/Root/Studio/Site/Master", "") + "</div>");//读取属性值//Response.Write("<div>" + XmlHelper.Read(xml, "/Root/Studio/Site", "Url") + "</div>");//读取特定属性值//Response.Write("<div>" + XmlHelper.Read(xml, "/Root/Studio/Site[@Name='丁香鱼工作室']", "Url") + "</div>");//删除属性//XmlHelper.Delete(xml, "/Root/Studio/Site[@Name='小路工作室']", "Url");//删除元素//XmlHelper.Delete(xml, "/Root/Studio", "");